Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine
Volume 10, Issue 11 , Pages 538-540 , November 2009

Adjuvant agents in regional anaesthesia

References 

  1. Polley L, Columb M, Naughton N, et al. Effect of intravenous versus epidural fentanyl on the minimum local analgesic concentration of epidural bupivacaine in labor. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:122–128
  2. Rosseland L. No evidence for analgesic effect of intra-articular morphine after knee arthroscopy: a qualitative systematic review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005;30:83–98
  3. McCartney C, Duggan E, Apatu E. Should we add clonidine to local anesthetic for peripheral nerve blockade? A qualitative systematic review of the literature. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007;32:330–338
  4. Subramaniam K, Subramaniam B, Pawar DK, Sennaraj B. Preoperative epidural ketamine in combination with morphine does not have a clinically relevant intra- and postoperative opioid-sparing effect. Anesth Analg. 2001;93:1321–1326
  5. Dal D, Tetik O, Altunkaya H, et al. The efficacy of intra-articular ketamine for postoperative analgesia in outpatient arthroscopic surgery. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:300–305
  6. Buvanendran A, McCarthy RJ, Kroin JS, et al. Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2002;95:661–666
  7. Lauretti GR, de Oliveira R, Reis MP, et al. Study of three different doses of epidural neostigmine co-administered with lidocaine for postoperative analgesia. Anesthesiology. 1999;90:1534–1538
  8. Kohno T, Wakai A, Ataka T, et al. Actions of midazolam on excitatory transmission in dorsal horn neurons of adult rat spinal cord.. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:338–343
  9. Gupta A, Prakash S, Deshpande S, Kale KS. The effects of intrathecal midazolam 2.5mg with bupivicaine on postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol. 2008;24:189–192

PII: S1472-0299(09)00206-9

doi: 10.1016/j.mpaic.2009.08.001

Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine
Volume 10, Issue 11 , Pages 538-540 , November 2009

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