Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 1-5 , January 2009

Preoperative assessment of the orthopaedic patient

References 

  1. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death . Extremes of age. London: NCEPOD; 1999;Available from: www.ncepod.org.uk/pdf/1999/99full.pdf[accessed 30.10.08]
  2. Biccard BM. Relationship between the inability to climb two flights of stairs and outcome after major non-cardiac surgery: implications for the pre-operative assessment of functional capacity. Anaesthesia. 2000;60:588–593
  3. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100:1043–1049
  4. Eagle KA, Berger PB, Calkins H, et al. ACC/AHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery). Washington, DC: American College of Cardiology; 2002;Available from: http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/j.jacc.2007.09.2003[accessed 30.10.08]
  5. Howell SJ, Sear JW, Foex P. Hypertension, hypertensive heart disease and perioperative cardiac risk. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92:570–583
  6. National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (NCCAC). Preoperative tests, the use of routine preoperative tests for elective surgery – evidence, methods and guidance. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2003;

PII: S1472-0299(08)00273-7

doi: 10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.11.004

Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 1-5 , January 2009